Apparatus for reducing wood and other material to pulp for paper



(No Model) l s. M. ALLEN. AZPARATU'S F03 REDUUING WGOB AND GTHERMATERIAL T0 PULPPOR PAPER.

No. 253.654. lPatented Peb. 14,1882.

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UNrTED STATES PATENT OFFICE;

sfrErnEn M. ALLEE, orv penetrar, MassAcHUsE'rTs.

APPARATUS roe etnucme woon AND oTHEaMAtERiAL Tov PULP'Fos PAPER.

srnormonfrron iromans-1,aan; er rettete Patent no. 253,654, datsFebruary 14, lesa.'

` ,application iiled August 1;?, v1881. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern r Be it known that I, STEPHEN M. ALLEN, ofDuxbury, in the county of Plymouth and State of Massachusetts, haveinvented a new and useful Improvement in Apparatus for lzliedncing `Woodandother Material to Pulp for Paper, which improvement is fully setforth in the following speciiication.

In the reduction of wood to pulp the object sought is to separatetllebers from each other without making` them too short to felt. Theordinary beating-engine and improvements thereon, with knives fordisiutegrating the fibrous material, although well' adapted for makingpaperpulp from rags, are not success@ ful when applied to thepulpingofwood. The or- -din ary sten e grinders roll the stockrntherthan crush it, and produce Woodflonr rather than fiber capable offelting, and so do many other machines. ln the presentinvention thelength ofberis preserved by jamming or crushing the wood into propercondition between` broadfaced bars in contradistlnction to knife-bladesheretofore used in machines for making` pulp from rags, the two sets ofbars being arranged so that theycross eachotherand actto crush or jamthe fibrous material, as aforesaid, instead oifrolling it over and overbetween there.` The same arran gementis common with huile-blades andalso with the furrows or grooves in stones; but it is obvious that thepeculiar eft'ect of the broad-faced bars in crushing` the brousinaterial is not obtained in such machines. The

b ars may be placed on two plates yor upon a abrading material areplaced between the bars.

These blocks can also be used with advantage in connection withknife-blades or other metal ribs or surfaces, instead of thc woodenblocks vventon includes the combination of heretofore employed, and thispart of the instone blocks or filling-pieces with blades or metal ribsor surfaces generally, as well as with broad-faced bars.

The accompanying drawings, which form a part of thisspecification,'illustrate a reducing or polping engine constructed inaccordance with the invention, Figure l being acentral vertical section;Fig. 2, a plan ofthe bottom pla-tes; Fig. 3, a bottom view of a topplate; Fig. 4, a plan of the saine; and Figs. 5

`and 6, detail views, showing theconnection of the top plates with thedriving-shaft.

The casing A is supported upon the bedl'rame B and contains the reducingor pulping mechanism. The casing,"as shown, is formed tapering with a`series of nve internal eoncentric shoulders or ledges for supporting thebottoni plates, (l, which rest on said ledges and are fastened by boltsor in any other suitable way.

ln the center ofthe casing is the shaft D. lt passes through centralopenings in the bot tuin plates, (l, and its lower end, after passingthrough astuing-box in the bottom of the casing, is supported in anadjustable step,E. The step is supported by a knife-edge resting on thelever F, which is suspended from the frame at opposite ends by rods G,jointed to the lever and adjustable in the frame by a screwthread andnut.v 'The upper end of the shaft turns in a bearing at the top of the4casing and carries a belt-pulley, by which it is revolved.

The top plates, H, are connected with the sha-ft and revolve with it.For convenience of illustration only two top and two bottom platesareshown in Fig. 1, the three intermediate pairs being omitted. At theupper end of the casing is the inlet I, and at the bottom tbe`outlet K.The latter is a spout made of flexible material or connected with thecasin g with a loose or flexible joint,I so that it can be raised ordepressed to control somewhat the flow of the pulp.

The bottom plates are or may be all made alike, and their constructionwill be readily nnderstood by reference to Figs. 1 and 2. The body ofthe plate a is preferably made of metal.

IOC

holes d for the passage of the pulp throughl the plate. Between the barsc are blocks or filling-pieces w, of emery, cornndum, or other naturalor artificial stone, said blocks or pieces being held in place bycement, by bolts, or otherwise. Y

The top plates consist oi'a body, e, rimsff, broad-faced bars g,arranged radially, and

blocksor filling-pieces h,oi emery'or other stone,I

belnvecn the bars. rllhe emery or stone on the tgp plates is, however,preferably placed only between the line 1I and the outer rim, j". isinthe bottom plates, the rims and broad-faced bars may bc made in onepiece with the body of theplate; or they may be fastened thereto. Theyare placed on the underside ci' the plate. The inner rim,j`, is largerthan the shaft,and

. within it are the projections k by which the top plate is supportedupon the shaft byrneans of a collar, l. This collaris adjnstablysecuredto the shaft by means of a set-screw, m. Its cute; sgrfap ,y is aportion of a sphere, and the inner ends o the projections It arecorrespond` ingly curved, so ,that the 'top plate may be accuratelycentered and made horizontal. Ijeetions or-ears n extend -from thecollar into recesses in the tcp plate and serve to drive the same.VOpenings are left between the projee tions k and collar l 'or thepassage of the pulp downward between the reducing-plates U H.

On the upper side of the top plate are curved ribsp, which have fortheir object to carry the pulp from the circumference ot' the top plateto the opening at the center. The top plates, being each adj nstabl yconnected `with the shaft D, can be raised or lowered independently 'toregulate the distance between each pair ot the plates G and H, and theshaft being movable up or down by means of the lever F, the whole seriesof plates can' be simultaneously adjusted to grind the pulp coarscr orliner. The wood,

before it is introduced into the engine, is to be shaved, split, sawed,out, stripped, or otherwise divided into sha-vinger, siivers, or chips,or into small blocks, The shaft being revolved at the proper speed,these pieces are introduced with a'stream of het or cold water orchemical solution alone or together with rags or similar fibrousmaterial, and' being carried bythe ribs p on the lirst top plate to thelcenterv thereof, they pass through and between the broad-faced bars, bywhich they are jammed or crushed, and also in contact with and betweenthe celery-blocks or fill ing-pieces, bythe sharp corners of theabraiding material in whichl the bers are more or Proless torn asnnder.The partially-reducedbcr iows through the openings at the circ'nmference of the iirst bottom plate onto the nexttop plate, by the ribs inwhich it isconveyed to the center. Thenceit passes between the secondpair ot" plates, descends to tbe next pair, and so on, as indicated bythe arrows and dotted lines, until at last it passes out at the outietreduced and refined to the desired degree.

The space between tbereducing-plate's is preferably greater at thetop'tlan Vat the bottem, being gradually diminished, so that quite largestrips, chips, or blocks, being introduced at the top, will he reducedto the required degree of lineness by the time they reach theoutlet.

The speed at which the shaft should rotate depends npon thecharaeterofthe wood. That which will be most advantageous in a given case must beleft in great measure to the discretion of the nser.

lt is obvious that the apparatus described naald be nsed for pulping orreducing to ber materials other than wood, and that modiiications may bemade in the details of construction without altering the essentialprinciples. Either or both sets of bars could be revolved. The length ofthehber in passing between the reducing-plates is lteptapproximatel yparallel with the radii of the plates.

Having now fully described my said invention and the manner ocarryingthe same into effect, what I claim is-f l. The improvement inreducing wood and other material to fiber for paper-pulp, consisting incrushing orjainming the same between 'broad-faced bars, substantially asdescribed.

2, The improvement in reducing wood and other material to liber,consisting in crushing the material between metallic bars, plates, orother devices," and at the same time tearing or disintegratingthe fiberby abrading material- ,sueh as natural or art-iiicial.stone-substantially as described.

3. A pnlping-engine having reducing-surfaces provided with broad-faccdbars for crushing the-iibrous material between them, substantially asdescribed.

4. The combination, in a' pnlping-engine, ot bars, blades, or othermetallic `devices with blocks or idling-pieces oi natural or artiiicialstone, substantially as described.

5. The combination of the top and bottom' plates or theirequivalents,provided cach with broad-faced bars arranged so that thebars on one plate cross those on the other, and means for removing oneor both plates, substantially as described.

6. A series ot' reducing-plates arranged in pairs, in combination withashaft earryingone plate of each pair and a casingsupportingtlie otherplate, substantially' as described.

7. rlhe combination, with shaft 'and casin g and a series ofredncingplates arranged in pairs, and attached one plate of each pair tothe shaft :and one to the casing, of means for loo raising and loweringthe shaft` and attached4 plates, so as to bring them closer to orfarther from those attached to the casing, substantially as described.

8. A pu1pingengine for. reducing wood und other material'to ber formaking pulp, comprising, in combination, :t casing, supporting frame,shaft, reducing-plates arranged in pairs and 'attached to said shaft andeasing, en inletfor introducing-the material into the en gine, and anoutlet for the pulp, substantially as described. .i

9. The combination, with each other, of two Y or more pairsof.1-educingplates or their equivalents-sneh as cylinders andeoncaVes-pr vided eaeh with bsrs,blades, or other metallic devices, withor Without bloeksor filling-pieces of vabrediug material arranged inseries with the space between the plates or their equiva lent graduallydiminishing, substantially as 2o described.

10. A reducing-plate or its equivalent provided with bers, blades, orothermetallie devices on its surface, and with blocks or fillingpiecesof abrading muterial-such as natural z5 or artificial stone-betweenthebarsorblades, Y substantially 4s described In testimony whereof Ihave signed this specification in the presence of two subscribingwitnesses.V

STEPHEN M. ALLEN.

Witnesses:

MINNIE L. WlrImM, H. G. ALLEN. v

